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‘Everywhere, every day’: How the EU’s drugs agency is tackling a new surge

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Across the European Union, there is a growing diversification of illegal drugs and increasing violence linked to organised crime.

But there are also new solutions and enhanced forms of cooperation, according to Alexis Goosdeel, Executive Director of the European Union Drugs Agency. He outlined these in detail to Isabel Marques da Silva in The Global Conversation.  

Goosdeel began by clarifying that new illicit substances, including so-called “pink cocaine,” are not classified as drugs. “This is why we call them, also, new psychoactive substances,” he says.

“They have a psychoactive effect on the brain, but they are not yet classified as a drug. So over the last 27 years, we have established and developed a European drug alert system on those substances, and we have detected more than 950 of them that never appeared on the European market before. And some of them have the potential to be harmful for health or to have even lethal consequences.”

“So, the ‘pink cocaine’ is also called 2C in Latin America or in Spain, for instance. It comes from the chemical name, which is 2C-B.” Goosdeel continues.

“But what we observe is that, in many cases, there are other substances – for instance, ketamine,  which is a specific substance becoming more problematic – appearing a bit everywhere. For instance, we made a survey on the Internet among people who declared they are consuming substances, and up to 10% of them have declared consuming, at least once in the last two months, ketamine.

“The major trend and the major risk is, as we describe it, ‘everywhere, everything, everyone’. Drugs are everywhere today, whether they’re being smuggled to Europe or produced on the territory of the EU,” Goosdeel stresses.

“Everything can be the object of an addictive behaviour. So the distinction between hard drugs and soft drugs, illicit and licit doesn’t encompass all the complexity, and there is polydrug use. And then, as a consequence, everyone can personally or indirectly have an episode – acute or chronic – of addictive behaviour to one of those substances.”

‘Chemsex’ drugs

The rise of new narcotics doesn’t mean the use of “traditional” hard drugs is waning. It’s a complex picture and one that is constantly changing, Goosdeel says. “It’s a market in perpetual movement.

Cannabis and cannabis derivates are still the first substances being used in Europe. Cocaine is now much more widespread because of a surge, the huge increase in production and availability.

“But also we see an increase in production of amphetamine and ‘chemsex’ that is the practice of using substances to sustain long sexual activity and having sexual intercourse with many partners – especially males having sex with males. But what we see in that case is usually they can use, for instance, methamphetamine, which before was not very widespread in Europe. But what we see is that, over time, they may be an extension of the population that is using the substances. So, this means we have important risks and important problems and challenges, and we need also to be much more agile compared to what the situation was 20 or 30 years ago.”

Surge in drug-related violence

The growing use of illegal drugs is directly linked to an increase in the activities of gangs across the continent, as it’s criminal organisations who import and distribute illicit produce from Latin America and other parts of the world. More gangs involved in this underground trade inevitably means more violence, as Goosdeel has witnessed.

“There is the threat to the rule of law, yes. And certainly, for me, what is the most worrying development in the last seven or eight years is the huge increase in drug-related violence in the EU. This means that 10 years ago when we were working with the European Commission, helping the Commission to design a strategy for drug-related violence, it was about Central America. Today we speak about the European Union.”

“What I think we will see today is also the result of an evolution that probably took ten years, that was boosted, among other things, by the COVID pandemic. Because now most of the drugs are coming through containers, which was not the case before. But I think that what we see now is the tip of the iceberg, which was not visible before. And also, before, we had huge challenges, for instance, with the fight against terrorism. So, this means, probably, we have not really seen the first signs that the organised criminal groups were changing their way of organising themselves. And what we see is that unfortunately now it’s everywhere. It’s almost every day, if not every day, every week, in all, or most of the EU member states.”

Click on the video above to see the interview in full.

State of the Union: Zelenskyy’s attempts to drum up new support

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For weeks now, Europe is anxiously looking at its number one economic powerhouse, Germany – to be more precise: at the country’s ailing car manufacturers, some of Germany’s industrial pillars.

A serious car crisis in the Federal Republic, triggered by a quasi-collapse of the electrical vehicle market, could have severe consequences elsewhere in the EU.

Threats of historic job cuts, plant closures at Volkswagen and plunging earnings at Mercedes-Benz and BMW prompted emergency talks at Berlin’s economy ministry this week.

But given strained federal finances and fights with China over tariffs, the government’s toolbox is rather empty.

Nonetheless, economy minister Robert Habeck expressed his willingness to help but excluded quick fixes: “Everyone has said that planning is the most important thing. And that means long-term planning. Not a flash-in-the-pan action, because this only has the effect of pumping up the market again in the short term and then possibly collapsing again.”

Germany is in the uncomfortable position today to be forced to re-orient its entire manufacturing sector that depended on cheap Russian energy.

You can already hear Ukraine’s president Zelenskyy shouting: “I told you so!”

Zelenskyy was at the United Nations this week to drum up support for what he called his “victory plan”.

He also reacted to pleas from the European far-left and far-right to negotiate with Russia:

“We know some in the world want to talk to Putin. We know it. To meet, to talk, to speak. But what could they possibly hear from him? That he’s upset because we are exercising our right to defend our people, or that he wants to keep the war and terror going just so no one thinks he was wrong.”

How the Ukrainian economy keeps suffering from the war was detailed this week by the latest outlook from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

The EBRD covers not only Ukraine, but large parts of eastern Europe and central Asia. The bank’s findings are an important bellwether for the global economy.

We spoke to Beata Javorcik, the chief economist of the EBRD.

Euronews: So, your latest Regional Economic Prospects report is called “Along the adjustment path” – that sounds like a friendly way of saying “It’s disappointing”. What do the economies you invest in need to adjust to?

Javorcik: Well, the situation in Europe remains quite challenging. We continue to have very high prices of energy. Particularly the price of natural gas is five times as high as in the US. The demand for exports, particularly from Germany, is muted. Given the difficult situation of the German economy and, finally, the costs of borrowing continue to be high, there is this extra risk premium, this extra interest rate. Countries in the regions had to pay when the war in Ukraine started. And this risk premium continues to be there.

Euronews: On the upside are a decline in inflation and an increase in real wages. What exactly happened?

Javorcik: Well, by historical standards we have seen a very fast disinflation process, though of course the adjustment is not done yet. Inflation remains above the pre-COVID level, but on the positive side we have managed to avoid a hard landing. So, this fight with inflation has come without very big unpleasant effects in terms of unemployment. As the inflation episode started, we saw a big decline in real wages, but then real wages started catching up. That was visible in the last few months in the last year. They are not yet back to the pre-COVID trend, but they have certainly caught up in a significant way.

Euronews: I guess there are still some remaining inflationary pressures – what are they?

Javorcik: Inflation still remains high in some countries, such as Turkey or Egypt, still in high double digits. And depreciation of domestic currencies, which has made imports more expensive, has contributed to further inflation.

Euronews: One country is still in the spotlight: Ukraine. How are they coping with the ongoing war economically?

Javorcik: Well, despite the war early this year, so in the first quarter, Ukrainian economy managed to grow very fast. The bleak Black Sea corridor allowed Ukraine to export grain as well as metals and ores. But then this heavy bombing and destruction of electricity infrastructure happened. And that made the situation very difficult. There are rolling blackouts. There are shortages of electricity. The country is importing electricity from Europe, but it comes at a higher cost. And that’s weighing down on the economy.